My main file server died yesterday, an old FC1 install from over a year ago. At first I suspected bad RAM (or maybe a failed disk) as the failures were fairly random. I ran some diagnostic tools, and fsck-ed the drives, but no problems were detected. As a last resort I stripped the machine bare, cleaned, and rebuilt it.
The rebuild didn’t improve stability, but I noticed that booting a previous kernel moved the problem around. Somehow an OS update hosed the kernel, drivers, or system libraries, so it was time to repair or reinstall the OS.
I’ve been trying to avoid reinstalling as it eats up at least half a day. A reinstall is good on one hand, as it’s a way to learn more about new distributions, but the churn of tweaking configuration is unproductive. Yesterday, though, I had little choice, as finding a broken update takes hours, and FC1 is already close to end-of-life.
So I decided to install Ubuntu, one of the newer distros on the scene. It’s Debian-based, so I was already familiar with the basic layout, tools, and installation process. As my server has an old SCSI CDROM, I had the choice of floppy or network install. I hate floppies, and couldn’t be bothered to find 5 of them, so I chose a network install.
I hacked the network install a bit so that I could bootstrap the install from my main hard drive. The hack required putting the net-install kernel and memory image (from the Ubuntu distro CD) on the /boot mount, and configuring grub to boot to it. It worked like a charm, and after a few hours of package downloads I had a basic running system.
Ubuntu’s installation process is a simplified form of the Debian installer. It’s a text-mode tool, but is really quite painless — the simplest of all the distros I’ve installed to date. It’s not as pretty as the Fedora or Mandriva installers, which may turn some people off, but it does work well. It also lacks an xorg configuration step, which left my server in 640x400 VGA mode, which is close to useless these days. I’d be happy with better auto-detection, as the xorg configuration shouldn’t require a user’s helping hand.
The boot process, for anyone new to Debian-based installs, is quite a bit different than any of the Redhat-based distros. As the kernel messages are supressed by default (and there’s no progress indicator) it’s easy to wonder if the boot process has hung. For the first few boots, I suggest that you either leave it for several minutes, or edit the boot parameters so you can see the kernel messages. For normal users, though, both of these approaches suck: they shouldn’t need to see that stuff. A simple progress indicator would really improve this part of the process.
I also noticed that Ubuntu was lacking something like the Redhat system-config-display tool, which allows basic configuration of the xorg.conf file. As my server defaulted to 640x400, I had to edit the xorg.conf file by hand. I had to correct the refresh lines to in the monitor spec (which had been otherwise detected correctly), and correct the default display mode. Editing xorg.conf by hand is fine for administrators, but normal people need something better.
Once I got the basic configuration set, Ubuntu was easily the nicest distribution I’ve used. It provides a recent, stable Gnome desktop, organized in a really intelligent way. The choice of the Synaptic package manager, and Debian apt for package management is smart, as it provides a useful UI for normal people, and a powerful command-line for admins. The default packages are well-organized in the menus, and cover what most people will need. The package repositories are well-stocked too, and it’s easy to add new ones for regular people (unlike FC4, which requires users to hand-edit configuration files).
Overall Ubuntu is a smart next-generation Debian. It’s fairly easy to install, and the resulting desktop is at least as nice as Fedora’s or Mandrake’s. It’s a perfect fit for developers who want a recent Gnome-based desktop (and development environment), and a good fit for normal people who have a geek handy for a few of the more complicated tasks. I expect that Ubuntu will be improving the more tedious parts of the configuration in future releases, and expect that it could take over where Fedora is lagging.
I’ll be keeping at least a few Ubuntu installs around for the next year to follow its progress, as I’m guessing that it will soon displace Fedora as the leading Gnome-based distibution.